May 03, 2024  
Course Catalog 2021-2022 
    
Course Catalog 2021-2022 [ARCHIVED CATALOG]

Course Search


This is a comprehensive listing of all active, credit-bearing courses offered by Oberlin College and Conservatory since Fall 2016. Courses listed this online catalog may not be offered every semester; for up to date information on which courses are offered in a given semester, please see PRESTO. 

For the most part, courses offered by departments are offered within the principal division of the department. Many interdisciplinary departments and programs also offer courses within more than one division.

Individual courses may be counted simultaneously toward more than one General Course Requirement providing they carry the appropriate divisional attributes and/or designations.

 

Art Studio

  
  • ARTS 042 - Intro: 2D Design

    FC ARHU
    4 credits
    In this course, students will learn the foundations of pictorial design essential to the image-making process. Knowledge of the elements and principals of design, such as composition, form, color and spatial perception, are the pillars for successful design. Each project and assignment is designed to enhance understanding of the basics of image-making by applying a wide variety of materials through analog and digital techniques.
    Prerequisites & Notes: This course counts towards the introductory, 2D, & 4D distributions requirements
  
  • ARTS 043 - Intermediate: Site, Location, Place

    FC ARHU
    4 credits
    This course is designed as an investigation of the genre of Installation Art. We’ll examine histories, emergent themes, and methodologies. Three major projects, one of which must site-specific and located outside of the art building, readings, discussions, and one research presentation are required. Field trips are required.
    Prerequisites & Notes: PREREQUISITES: An Introductory level 3-D course or documentation of work in this medium is required

    DISTRIBUTION: This course counts towards the intermediate, 3D, and 4D distribution requirements.
    Does this course require off campus field trips? Yes

  
  • ARTS 044 - Problems: Creative Interventions Online and IRL

    FC ARHU
    4 credits
    Producing culture in public space is a means of provoking critical dialogue about the political conditions surrounding us. At times, art can move beyond dialogic production and engage systems directly. In this course students will examine and reproduce interventionist strategies invoked by critical artists and technologists. Varied tools will be used to this end, as we will be moving between online and offline sites of public engagement. This class is a studio/seminar hybrid, so students should be prepared to read, discuss, create, and critique.
  
  • ARTS 045 - Visual Concepts and Processes: Introduction to Digital Photography

    FC ARHU
    4 credits
    This course is designed to help students develop an understanding of the language and tools of digital photography. Students will learn how to create, import and transform images into digital format as well as alter them using a graphics program.
  
  • ARTS 047 - Introduction to Icon Painting

    FC ARHU
    4 credits
    Students will study the techniques of Russian icon painting and the philosophy behind the form and craft. We will learn about the traditional methods and materials using raw pigments mixed in egg yolk, traditionally gessoed panels, and gold leaf. Each student will make their own traditional icon using the ancient process of Russian Icon painters. This process was developed to make images that assist spiritual transformation for both the painter and the viewer. Each student will then take and adapt this ancient practice to create their own work.
    Prerequisites & Notes: DISTRIBUTION: This course counts towards the introduction and 2D distribution requirements.
  
  • ARTS 049 - Visual Concepts and Processes: Mixed Media Sculpture

    FC ARHU
    4 credits
    Students will explore the basics of three-dimensional space using paper, sound, cardboard, plaster, wood and found objects. Concepts such as form, texture, scale, and proportion, will be covered. An introduction to basic mold making techniques will be covered. Weekly homework assignments will expand upon classroom projects. Required forms of participation include critiques, weekly discussions, reading assignments and one presentation. Students should expect to spend 6 hours per week outside of class to meet the minimum requirements.
  
  • ARTS 050 - Visual Concepts and Processes: Introduction to Painting

    FC ARHU
    4 credits
    Students are introduced to the fundamentals of painting with a focus on understanding the relationships between painting and drawing. Students will learn how the art we make influences what we see and how what we see influences the art we make. The course will infuse the practice of perceptual painting with an introduction of painting within an art historical context. Trips to the Allen Art Museum and readings are required.
  
  • ARTS 051 - Problems: In Painting the Figure

    FC ARHU
    4 credits
    In this course students will paint from a live model. Assignments will focus on learning how to create the illusion of volume and space on a flat surface through the study of anatomy, color and compostion. Trips to the Allen Memorial Art Museum and readings are a required part of the course.
    Prerequisites & Notes: Visual Concepts and Processes course in Painting.
  
  • ARTS 052 - Intro to Black and White Photo

    FC ARHU
    4 credits
    This is an introductory course to B&W photography. Studio assignments are designed to contextualize photography in terms of its history, its relationships to the other art media, and its cultural implications. Besides studio assignments and group critiques there also will be slide lectures, technical demonstrations, and reading and writing assignments.
    Prerequisites & Notes: This course counts towards the introductory and 2D distribution requirements.
  
  • ARTS 053 - Problems In: Color Photography

    FC ARHU
    4 credits
    This is an intermediate class dealing with color photography and the staged narrative. It is assumed that students who are registered for the class are already familiar with black and white darkroom practices. During the course of the semester students will be introduced to a variety of contemporary topics via projects, lectures, reading and writing assignments.
    Prerequisites & Notes: A Vispro class in photography or the consent of the instructor
  
  • ARTS 054 - Visual Concepts and Processes: Art and Interactive Technology

    FC ARHU
    4 credits
    This course is an introduction to creative technology. This is a hands-on exploration of programming, prototyping, fabrication, and electronics with an emphasis on physical computing, the process of connecting offline objects to digital potential. Topics include communicating between digital and physical systems, installation design, 3D printing, projection mapping, up-cycling discarded electronics, and the new modes of activism these topics enable. This class is a studio/seminar hybrid, so students should be prepared to read, discuss, create, and critique.
  
  • ARTS 055 - Problems In: Cryptocultural Production

    FC ARHU
    4 credits
    Cryptocurrency emerged as a means of decentralizing the financial system and making banks obsolete. Its detractors cite the ways in which it reproduces systems of capital. A critical engagement with this emerging technology is the responsibility of artists and researchers, who must find creative grounds with which to explore this new paradigm. This class examines the history and theory of cryptocurrency, as students learn how to create blockchain tokens, mine crypto, and produce alternative local currencies, for the purposes of cultural production. This class is a studio/seminar hybrid, so students should be prepared to read, discuss, create, and critique.
  
  • ARTS 056 - Problems In: Simulation Art

    FC ARHU
    4 credits
    Game design enables a new rhetorical form in which systems can be expressed. In this class we will look at artists and game designers who work within the paradigm of digital simulation and game strategy. We will utilize software such as Unity3d, board games, and other media to simulate, or gamify, the inner workings of the social, economic, and political systems around us. This class is a studio/seminar hybrid, so students should be prepared to read, discuss, create, and critique.
  
  • ARTS 057 - Visual Concepts and Processes: Drawing and Space

    FC ARHU
    4 credits
    This course is designed to develop perceptual drawing skills with attention to spatial issues. Investigating architectural construction of space, the course will assist students in integration of traditional, digital and time based methods. Field trips required.
  
  • ARTS 058 - Visual Concepts and Processes: Color Theory

    FC ARHU
    4 credits
    In this course students will acquire increased awareness of the properties of color - hue, chroma, value - and how their formal elements, including placement and design qualities, give meaning and content to works of art. Working in various mediums including, gouache and acrylic paint, cut outs and Photo Shop, students will explore and develop sensitivities to design elements through pattern, repetition, line, and figure/ground relationships. The final project will be a color installation involving space. A digital portfolio of all work is due at the end of the semester.
    Prerequisites & Notes: Preference will be given to students who have taken ARTS 040
    Does this course require off campus field trips? Yes

  
  • ARTS 060 - Intermediate Drawing

    FC ARHU
    4 credits
    This course will develop technical skills and methodologies introduced in Drawing 040. Assignments will engage postmodern strategies relevant to graphic representation and introduce an expanded definition of drawing. Emphasis will be placed on formal concerns of subject, image, material, and technique. Projects will explore the nature of figuration and the use of the figure in a narrative pictorial context. Other projects will engage symbolism, metaphoric iconography, process-based methods, and abstraction as a form of expression.
    Prerequisites & Notes: PREREQUISITE CHANGE: Arts 040 or ARTS 058 required.

    DISTRIBUTION REQUIREMENT CHANGE: This course fulfills the intermediate and 2d requirements.
    Does this course require off campus field trips? Yes

  
  • ARTS 061 - Visual Concepts and Processes: Perceptual Painting

    FC ARHU
    4 credits
    This course emphasizes the techniques and practices of oil painting. Painting from still-life, landscape, interiors, portrait, and figure introduces principles of drawing, composition, color, and technique that allow students to create a believable pictorial space. Learning specific limited color palettes, color mixing, preparing supports, and caring for tools and equipment, students will learn a strong foundation for developing the craftsmanship and technique necessary to master the medium. We will study the history of western oil painting and trace its impact and influence on a diverse range of contemporary artists and their work. Drawing highly recommended prior to this course.
  
  • ARTS 062 - Intro: On Location

    FC ARHU
    4 credits
    This landscape course uses the tools and practice of painting, drawing and observation to explore the local environment and to develop a sense of place. The 19th century Romantic constructions of nature are ingrained in us through the powerful history of American landscape painting and can prevent us from seeing the world we live in. To disrupt this tendency, students will be brought into ‘the field’ to work from and engage with the history, geography, agriculture and industry in N.E. Ohio. Students will be able to express the true value of place, and explore its real virtues and problems in an effort to build understanding, increase awareness and to effect change. Field trips required.
    Prerequisites & Notes: DISTRIBUTION CHANGES: This course counts towards the introductory and 2D distribution requirements.
    Does this course require off campus field trips? Yes

    Sustainability
  
  • ARTS 062OC - VisPro Painting: On Location

    FC ARHU
    4 credits
    This landscape course uses the tools and practice of painting, drawing and observation to explore the local environment and to develop a sense of place. The 19th century Romantic constructions of nature are ingrained in us through the powerful history of American landscape painting and can prevent us from seeing the world we live in. To disrupt this tendency, students will be brought into ‘the field’ to work from and engage with the history, geography, agriculture and industry in N.E. Ohio. Students will be able to express the true value of place, and explore its real virtues and problems in an effort to build understanding, increase awareness and to effect change. Field trips required.
    Prerequisites & Notes: Studio course.
    Does this course require off campus field trips? Yes

  
  • ARTS 063 - VisPro: Materials and Practice of Painting

    FC ARHU
    4 credits
    Frida Kahlo, a Mexican Surrealist painter, is quoted as saying, The only thing I know is that I paint because I need to, and I paint whatever passes through my head without any other consideration. This course will teach students to develop a fluid process of working that is strong enough to generate the need for critical thinking and technique. Without a strong process the technique can become a replacement for the desire and need to work. This course will ask students to enter fully into the material and process of painting and to nurture what emerges through that process.
  
  • ARTS 065 - Problems in Painting, An Introduction to Figure Painting

    FC ARHU
    4 credits
    Students will work from a live model with oil paint. The challenge of working from a live model is to remember that the entire surface of the painting is the image and not just the figure. Assignments will be designed to teach students how to create the illusion of volume and space on a flat surface by using anatomy, color and composition. The subject of the painting may be the figure but the content of each persons work will be related but different. Students will be encouraged to discover how they want to use the figure as a means for self-expression.
  
  • ARTS 066 - Intro: Circling Back, Building Story

    HC ARHU CD
    2 credits
    The Site and Community of Oberlin exists as an intersection of living histories. The boundaries of this town are linked to ongoing histories of refuge, resistance, struggle, and imagination of possible futures: ideas that intentionally embrace and actively construct an existence in which all people experience the fullness of Being uninterrupted. Within this class, each student enrolled will work throughout the course to compose one intentional gesture that articulates a story resonant with a history embedded within this specific place. Our process will be interdisciplinary, and may span written/spoken word, performance, assemblage, and/or any components of photography, drawing, or painting.
  
  • ARTS 067 - Intermediate: Embodied Content

    FC ARHU
    4 credits
    All aspects of western oil painting: the skin of paint, the object, the mark-making and the image are intimately linked to the body. The compression of sight and touch, embedded in the traditional practices and techniques of western art, demand an integration of sensory and intellectual experience. This course will introduce the traditional materials and methods of oil paint while encouraging students to expand on these traditions and explore a wide range of interpretations of the body and embodiment as subject matter.
    Prerequisites & Notes: An introductory course in painting and an introductory course in drawing are required
    Does this course require off campus field trips? Yes

  
  • ARTS 068 - Problems: Art as Social Practice

    FC ARHU
    4 credits
    This course explores social practice art relative to principles of public, community, interventionist, and collaborative-based art practices. Students will examine and discuss its evolution and intersections relative to global social change movements, everyday living, and notions of collectivity. We will seek to position socially-engaged practices within a historic and critically engaged framework through lectures, readings, guest speakers, and student presentations. Students will present three major projects that explore the field within their own practice. 
  
  • ARTS 069 - Problems in: Re-imagining the Book

    FC ARHU
    4 credits
    This course will explore and expand upon the notion of the book as a textual object of art. Using narrative and non-narrative techniques in relation to concept, content, image, and form, students will design and construct a series of books. Reading, and attendance at special Art Department lectures are required. We will make frequent trips to view the Artists’ Book collection in the Clarence Ward Art Library in Oberlin. Techniques such as layout, design, photoshop, and basic binding will be covered.
    Prerequisites & Notes: Field trips are required.
  
  • ARTS 070 - Problems in: Narrative and the Contemporary Figure

    FC ARHU
    4 credits
    You will work from live models and from your imaginations. We will look at the way the human figure is used by a number of contemporary artists and study the form and content that drive contemporary figure painting.
    Prerequisites & Notes: Students must have completed one course in drawing and painting, and have had some experience working with oil paint and from a live model before this course. Course counts as “Problems” and traditional media.
    Does this course require off campus field trips? Yes

  
  • ARTS 071 - Blues Aesthetic: Continuity and Transformation

    FC ARHU CD
    4 credits
    The emphasis of this course is upon the thesis that the Black or `Blues Aesthetic’ is a cultural perspective that emerges from within the experiences of Black people, facing the socio-political and economic conditions of modern and contemporary America. Our focus will be upon the traditions of African American music, literature, theater/film, and specifically the visual arts.
    Prerequisites & Notes: Consent of instructor required.
    This course is cross-listed with AAST 072


  
  • ARTS 074 - Visual Concepts and Processes: Something from Something

    FC ARHU CD
    4 credits
    This course is a ‘hands on’ exploration of vernacular visual traditions existing within African American Culture. We will examine design choices/material processes used to define and describe the specificity of lived experience within African American culture. Our focus is upon elders within black communities and the stories that they tell through their work. These ‘folk artists’ function as influences upon contemporary African American artists ranging from Alison Saar, to Renee Stout. These vernacular traditions will serve as resources that extend our own working processes as we tell our own stories. Consent of instructor required.
  
  • ARTS 075 - Intermediate: Talking Book

    FC ARHU CD
    4 credits
    This workshop is a hands-on exploration of spoken/written narrative within African American visual tradition(s). We will view works by Carrie Mae Weems, Amina Robinson, David Hammons, Whitfield Lovell, and others alongside of texts, listening assignments, and poetry to explore the presence of the spoken word within African American expressivity. Students will be required to write, perform, and compose sonic landscapes that explore their own sense of self and place. Weekly reflections will be assigned in addition to one major project as a culmination of each student’s research.
    This course is cross-listed with AAST 258


  
  • ARTS 076 - Problems in: Photography Mixed Media

    FC ARHU
    4 credits
    This course is grounded in lens-based media, digital capture, printing and video. Emphasis will be placed on mechanisms of time-based artworks such as sequence, duration and the loop. Diverse outcomes may be explored from the LCD screen and digital printing to installation and projected media. Studio assignments will be contextualized by researching the application of media in the work of contemporary artists. Students will participate in research assignments and the production of self-directed, independent artworks. Field trips required.
    Prerequisites & Notes: ARTS 058 or ARTS 045
  
  • ARTS 077 - Problems: Talking Book Workshop

    HC ARHU CD
    2 credits
    This workshop is a hands on exploration of spoken/written narrative within African American visual tradition(s). We will view works by Carrie Mae Weems, Amina Robinson, David Hammons, Whitfield Lovell, and others alongside of texts, listening assignments, and poetry to explore the presence of the spoken word within African American expressivity. Students will be required to write, perform, and compose sonic landscapes that explore their own sense of self and place. Weekly reflections will be assigned in addition to one major project as a culmination of each students research.
  
  • ARTS 078 - Problems in Photography: Color

    FC ARHU
    4 credits
    This is an advanced class dealing with color photography and the staged narrative. It is assumed that students who are registered for the class are already familiar with black and white darkroom practices. During the course of the semester students will be introduced to a variety of contemporary topics via projects, lectures, reading and writing assignments. Field trips required.
  
  • ARTS 079 - Problems: With the Grain Workshop

    HC ARHU
    2 credits
    This course seeks to provide students with an intensive workshop module in which to develop facility with specific woodworking skills. The course immerses participants in sequential processes of articulating ideas through drawing, structural problem solving, and the construction of models. Hand-cut joint exercises will be assigned throughout the workshop, with joinery learned applied in the construction of the models. Two structures will be explored: a bench, and a table. Each project will be presented in the context of function, style, and material culture.
  
  • ARTS 080 - Visual Concepts and Process - Sound Art: Experimental Musical Instruments and Sound Sculpture

    HC ARHU
    2 credits
    This course explores Sound Art as it occurs with non-acousmatic sound (i.e. experimental musical instruments/sound objects and sound sculptures in which the sounding element is typically also visually associated). Techniques in instrument/sculpture building and sound reproduction/amplification will be explored in both contemporary and historical approaches. Artists discussed will be both contemporary and historical figures within the sound art practice. Furthermore, students will explore the affective relationship to sounding objects and the physical limitations of gesture to sound producing objects.
  
  • ARTS 083 - Problems in Design

    FC ARHU
    4 credits
    This course will develop technical skills and methodologies relating to design, visual communication, and fine art. Assignments will engage in postmodern strategies relevant to graphic representation, process, and materiality. Emphasis will be placed on composition, concept, color, and craft. Projects will explore both traditional and contemporary craft through analog and digital fabrication. The course will build a vocabulary that encourages generative studio practices and improvisation in support of students’ goals. Other projects will engage story-telling, audience, scale, process-based methods, and meaning-making.
  
  • ARTS 084 - Visual Concepts and Processes: Digital Painting

    FC ARHU
    4 credits
    In this course students will use vector and bitmap graphics software to create digital, physical, and/or hybridized forms of “painting”. Students will use digital software (Adobe Suite) and hardware (Wacom Tablets, Scanners) to create paintings for both the screen and for the wall, combining analog and digital approaches to paint and collage. In addition, students will learn to program their own simple digital painting software, via the coding platform Processing.
  
  • ARTS 085 - Intermediate: With the Grain

    FC ARHU
    4 credits
    This course seeks to provide students with an intensive workshop in which to develop facility with woodworking skills. The course immerses participants in sequential processes of articulating ideas through drawing, constructing models, and assembly. Three structures are explored: a bench, a chest, and a table. Each project is presented in the context of function, style, and culture. Students will build three formal models in conjunction with drawings. Prerequisite and Notes:
    Prerequisites & Notes: DISTRIBUTION REQUIREMENTS: This course counts towards the intermediate and 3D requirements in studio art.
  
  • ARTS 086 - VisPro Media Archaeology: Obsolescence in New Media Art Practice

    FC ARHU
    4 credits
    All obsolete media was once new media. Media Archaeology will dig through technological history to gain a better understanding of how obsolescence impacts the practice, exhibition, and preservation of new media art. This class will include extensive readings from a variety of fields that investigate technology and obsolescence; the class will also view artworks that investigate dead tech and upgrade culture. This is a seminar/studio hybrid class, so students should be prepared to view artwork and read extensively on a weekly basis alongside short studio assignments. Studio assignments will employ expanded drawing/visualization, hacking, and experimental use of obsolete technologies.
    Does this course require off campus field trips? Yes

  
  • ARTS 087 - Visual Concepts and Processes: Internet Art

    FC ARHU
    4 credits
    This course is an introduction to the history and methods of making art work that specifically engages with the context of The Internet. Students will create art works specifically for the web browser (via HTML and related coding platforms), that utilize social media as an essential component, as well as works that confront the relationships between physical representation and digital/networked representation. Students are expected to complete assignments and contextual research outside of class time.
  
  • ARTS 088 - Visual Concepts and Processes: Listening and Making Sound for Live Broadcast

    FC ARHU
    4 credits
    In this course we will investigate, through the listening and creation of a weekly radio program for WOBC, the meaning of improvised and pre-recorded electronic sound performance for live broadcast. We will also question the differences and similarities between conventions in popular and experimental musical performance and composition, as these concepts relate to our rapidly changing contemporary sonic landscape. In addition to weekly radio broadcasts, students are responsible for weekly readings and technical skill-shares.
  
  • ARTS 089 - Advanced Individual Projects

    FC ARHU
    4 credits
    Students receive a shared studio where they’ll work on the visual articulation of a specific self-selected theme throughout the semester. The development of a disciplined studio practice is emphazied. Specific assignments may be given to assist students in clarifying their ideas effectively. Meets weekly to present work for group discussion. At least 12 hours of work outside of class is required as are field trips.
  
  • ARTS 090 - Intermediate: Artists’ Books

    FC ARHU
    4 credits
    This course will focus on advanced bindings, complex book structures, editions, and use of the letterpress studio. Three major projects and one presentation are required.
    Prerequisites & Notes: PREREQUISITES: Must have taken Arts 039 or have the consent of the instructor.

    DISTRIBUTION: This course counts towards the intermediate and 2D requirements.
    This course is cross-listed with Cross-referenced in creative writing.


  
  • ARTS 093 - Intermediate: Art as Research

    FC ARHU
    4 credits
    All art is, in some way, a form of research, and the artist employs a range of research methodologies in the creative process. This class will look specifically at art-making practices that foreground research as a primary component of the creative process. Participants will view their scholarly research project as a premise that inspires multidisciplinary pieces of art and writing. We will look at archives, labs, and libraries as sites for creative production, and students will create multiple art pieces that give material and form to their scholarly ideas. At least two prior introductory courses (in any dimension) are required.
    Prerequisites & Notes: 2 introductory courses are required.
  
  • ARTS 095A - Senior Studio and Thesis - Full

    FC ARHU
    4 credits
    Participants will work toward a critical articulation of their work and process through the development of a visual thesis that may include painting, digital media, installation, sculpture, photography, performance, silkscreen or any combination thereof. Students will work together to produce a group exhibition at the end of the fall semester and a final thesis exhibition in the spring semester in addition to an Artist’s Statement and a professional portfolio by the end of the second semester.
    Prerequisites & Notes: This course (and 095B) is required for the major. It will also be necessary to submit a portfolio in the spring of junior year. Winter term of senior year will be dedicated to this course as students will be required to continue working toward their final exhibition during this time.
    Does this course require off campus field trips? Yes

  
  • ARTS 096 - Problems in New Media: Advanced Media Projects

    FC ARHU
    4 credits
    This is an advanced course for students who use digital and/or networked media as a primary medium in their art practice. Students will work on a variety of long term multimedia projects throughout the semester, both collaboratively and individually. Readings and writings about the contemporary use of digital and networked media in art will contextualize student work within the broader art world.
  
  • ARTS 097 - Introduction to Media Art Studio/Seminar

    FC ARHU
    4 credits
    This hybrid seminar/studio art practice class introduces students to a range of contemporary media art practices. The course includes readings and writings about contemporary art practices (the “seminar” component), and art pieces in response to prompts (the “studio” component). This class is designed for majors and non-majors with an interest in media art (i.e. sound, video, installation, internet, etc.). Optional evening lab times will be available for additional project assistance.
  
  • ARTS 098 - Vis/Pro in New Media: Introduction to Media Arts

    FC ARHU
    4 credits
    (Previously titled Vis/Pro: Integrated Media Arts Practices.) This course is an introduction to digital tools for contemporary art practices. Students will engage in practical assignments that introduce a range of basic media art tools: digital imaging, video, sound, and internet. The class emphasizes the relationship between media art tools and traditional fine arts practices, integrating new media into 2D, 3D, and installation-based projects. Readings about media art history/theory and viewings of contemporary media art projects inform the studio art pieces students will complete.
  
  • ARTS 099 - Problems in Painting: The Contemporary Portrait

    FC ARHU
    4 credits
    This course will explore portraiture as both historical genre and as an artistic paradigm. Students will work from both live models and other sources including photography and self-portraiture. Acrylic and oil paints will be used.
    Prerequisites & Notes: Consent of instructor required. Intro: Painting or Intro Drawing.
  
  • ARTS 113 - Intro: Variations in Mark-Making

    FC ARHU
    4 credits
    This course is an introductory and immersive study in mark-making through drawing, print, and digital output. Over the course of the semester, you will be introduced to and asked to examine, the global conditions of contemporary mark-making as it records the emotive, imagined, and translated record of our lived experience[s], individually and culturally. During this course, you will experiment with applied marks through line, texture, color, and form in various scales. You will reflect on that experience, its results, and its implications through group and individual discussion.
    Does this course require off campus field trips? No

  
  • ARTS 114 - Crafting Change: Arts, Activism, and the 2020 Election

    FC ARHU WINT


    4 credits

    An artist traces the flood line in NYC with chalk, sparking conversations with passersby about climate change; a 54-ton community-built quilt commemorates the lives of those lost to AIDS, helping raise awareness and funds to fight this disease; thousands of children color their own ‘fundred’ dollar bills to deliver to congress to advocate for clean, lead-free water.  When artists step outside of concert halls, galleries, and other ‘sanctioned,’ art spaces, they become advocates, community builders, and change makers. We will consider major election issues through the lens of the arts, using art to build community and make change in our community.


    Prerequisites & Notes: A slightly modified version of our StudiOC Learning Community entitled “Election 2020: Politics, Religion and the Arts.” The classes in this learning community are now open to ALL first and second year students.
    Consent is required for each class. Although students may take just one of these classes, consent preference will be given to those who are interested in taking two of the classes in the cluster.

  
  • ARTS 120 - Advanced 2D Projects

    FC ARHU
    4 credits
    Advanced: 2D Projects is the upper-level course for Studio Art majors whose artistic focus is primarily in 2D (broadly defined). Students develop self-driven projects within the rigor of this majors-only studio course; participants will be guided through exercises that support larger and longer projects than those completed in assignment/skills-based courses. Students work in a shared studio space. Advanced Projects courses are reserved and required for majors only and intended to be taken during the Junior year.
    Prerequisites & Notes: This course is limited to studio art majors only, preferably in their junior year.

    *Visual art majors are permitted until phased out.
    Does this course require off campus field trips? Yes

  
  • ARTS 122 - Advanced 3D/4D Projects

    FC ARHU
    4 credits
    Advanced Projects: 3D/4D is the upper-level course for Studio Art majors whose artistic focus is primarily in 3D/4D (broadly defined). Students develop self-driven projects within the rigor of this majors-only studio course; participants will be guided through exercises that support larger and longer projects than those completed in assignment/skills-based courses. Students work in a shared studio space. Advanced Projects courses are reserved and required for majors only and intended to be taken during the Junior year. This course requires field trips.
    Prerequisites & Notes: Course is limited to studio art majors only, preferably in their junior year.
    Visual art majors are permitted as well until phased out.
    Does this course require off campus field trips? Yes

  
  • ARTS 131 - Introduction to Sculpture: Material and Space

    FC ARHU
    4 credits
    In this course, we will discuss and create work in three-dimensional space using paper, cardboard, plastics, wood, organic material, found objects, sound, and light. We will explore concepts around materiality, objectness, risk and certainty, nature, and the utilization of space. Weekly homework assignments will expand upon classroom projects. Required forms of participation include critiques, weekly discussions, reading assignments and a presentation. Students should expect to spend 4-6 hours per week outside of class to meet the minimum requirements. 
    Does this course require off campus field trips? No

  
  • ARTS 219 - Capstone A: Senior Studio Practice

    FC ARHU
    4 credits
    In this component of the Studio Art capstone, participants occupy semi-private studios within a community of majors. The focus is on the process and production of developing a comprehensive visual thesis project. This capstone project may include painting, digital media, installation, sculpture, photography, performance, printmaking, or any hybrid/combination thereof. Studio Practice provides the structure and support necessary for the completion of the Studio Art thesis, including the establishment of a disciplined work ethic that will enable participants to maintain a studio practice beyond the walls of Oberlin. The capstone sequence is reserved and required for Studio Art major seniors.
    Prerequisites & Notes: This course is limited to senior studio majors only (visual art majors too until the remaining majors graduate)
    Does this course require off campus field trips? Yes

  
  • ARTS 221 - Capstone B: Professional Practice

    FC ARHU
    2 credits
    In this course, the Studio Art senior cohort meets together weekly to learn about best practices in the life of a professional artist. Students will develop skills related to writing grant and residency applications, developing an artist statement, understanding graduate schools and potential occupations. Participants will explore the many ways that artists operate in the world, a range of models of how the art practice functions in the public sphere, and how communities support artists beyond the institution. Students will interact with alumni of Oberlin’s Studio Art department as part of the Pathways Visiting Artist series, which connects current seniors with alumni working in the field.
    Prerequisites & Notes: This course is limited to senior studio majors only (visual art majors too until the remaining majors graduate)
    Does this course require off campus field trips? Yes

  
  • ARTS 223 - Capstone C: Exhibition Practice

    FC ARHU
    2 credits
    The Exhibition Practice component of the Studio Art capstone is a course in the spring semester dedicated to the production of our annual senior thesis exhibitions. Students learn to install 2D, 3D, and 4D artwork in the context of a professional exhibition. Skills to be gained include building and preparing frames, techniques for installing sculptural works, technological needs for interactive installation, lighting, and gallery preparation. Students prepare PR materials for the exhibitions and document the work for inclusion in their portfolio after college.
    Prerequisites & Notes: This course is limited to senior studio majors only (visual art majors too until they remaining majors graduate)
    Does this course require off campus field trips? Yes

  
  • ARTS 598 - Honors in Studio Art

    FC ARHU
    4 credits
    Private reading functions as the capstone course alongside of honors project, taken with primary advisor, when the student is completing an individual honors project apart from the Senior Studio and Thesis course.
    Prerequisites & Notes: Invited to pursue honors. Course does not count towards the major.
  
  • ARTS 995F - Private Reading - Full

    FC ARHU
    4 credits
    Private readings are offered as either a half or full academic course and require the faculty member’s approval. Students who wish to pursue a topic not covered in the regular curriculum may register for a private reading. This one-to-one tutorial is normally at the advanced level in a specific field and is arranged with a member of the faculty who has agreed to supervise the student. Unlike other courses, a student cannot register for a private reading via PRESTO. To register for a private reading, obtain a card from the Registrar’s Office, complete the required information, obtain the faculty member’s approval for the reading, and return the card to the Registrar’s Office.
  
  • ARTS 995H - Private Reading - Half

    HC ARHU
    2 credits
    Private readings are offered as either a half or full academic course and require the faculty member’s approval. Students who wish to pursue a topic not covered in the regular curriculum may register for a private reading. This one-to-one tutorial is normally at the advanced level in a specific field and is arranged with a member of the faculty who has agreed to supervise the student. Unlike other courses, a student cannot register for a private reading via PRESTO. To register for a private reading, obtain a card from the Registrar’s Office, complete the required information, obtain the faculty member’s approval for the reading, and return the card to the Registrar’s Office.

Astronomy

  
  • ASTR 100 - Introductory Astronomy

    FC NSMA QFR
    4 credits
    This course, designed primarily for students with little scientific background, is an introduction to what we know about astronomy and how we know it. We will study the light, the tools of astronomy, stars, galaxies and cosmology. We will also cover sky basics such as seasons, moon phases, eclipses, and constellations. There will be required participation in six planetarium sessions (half an hour every other week) and four required observatory sessions during the semester.
    This course is appropriate for new students.
  
  • ASTR 201 - Introduction to Astrophysics: Gravitational Wave Astronomy

    FC NSMA
    4 credits
    An introduction to astrophysical analysis emphasizing problems relying on Newtonian mechanics. We will concentrate on results from the exciting revolution occurring in gravitational wave astronomy. Some example calculations include the merger time of two black holes and their gravitational luminosity; the maximum spin rate of a neutron star; and the detection of supermassive black holes with pulsars. Substantial discussion and interactive work will complement standard emphasis on analytically tractable problems. Some simple computations may also be introduced. Evaluation will include weekly problem sets, a midterm exam, and a final project.
    Prerequisites & Notes: PHYS 103, 110 or consent of the instructor.
  
  • ASTR 301 - Astrophysics I: Stars and Planets

    FC NSMA QFR
    4 credits
    Astrophysics is physical analysis applied to astronomical problems. We will develop some of the basic tools of astrophysics in this course. Radiation theory including thermal and non-thermal radiation will be studied as well as the transfer of radiation through typical astrophysical media. Other topics will include star formation, degenerate matter, atomic physics in an interstellar setting, and the detection of electromagnetic radiation over a broad range of wavelength regimes.
    Prerequisites & Notes: PHYS 212
  
  • ASTR 302 - Astrophysics II: Galaxies and Cosmology

    FC NSMA QFR
    4 credits
    This course will explore basic astrophysical topics beyond the local stellar neighborhood. We will consider the ‘ecology’ of the Milky Way galaxy and use it to understand galaxies in isolation and in clusters. Cosmological topics will include the dynamics of an expanding universe including an acceleration term. Results from anisotropy studies of the cosmic background radiation will be studied in some detail. Evidence for dark matter and dark energy will be thoroughly reviewed.
    Prerequisites & Notes: PHYS 212

Athletics & Physical Education

  
  • ATHL 102 - Cardio Machine Circuit

    CC
    0.5 credit
    This course will introduce you to all of the cardio machines housed in the Shanks Fitness Center. You will learn how to safely use each machine and go through introductory-intermediate workouts. Upon completing this course, you will have the confidence and knowledge to use any cardio machine in Shanks for health and fitness purposes.
  
  • ATHL 105 - Vinyasa Yoga

    CC
    0.5 credit
    Vinyasa Yoga is a form of yoga incorporating a series of postures connected by flowing movement and rhythmic breathing practice. Vinyasa means “to set with intention,” so this class offers the opportunity to set yourself with intention on the mat. The opportunity to take time for Self, and connect to your strength, soulfulness and authenticity. Starting with a brief meditation, the postures will be then be offered up layer by layer (with modifications offered for various levels of
    flexibility or strength) leaving you feeling strong and grounded. It is about dropping the ego, challenging yourself and having fun. Yoga is the stilling of the mind, but we start with the body, the most tangible thing in our reach, to help hook our mind to the internal space, connect to the breath, and slow the thoughts.
  
  • ATHL 110 - Lifeguard Training

    CC
    0.5 credit
    The purpose of the American Red Cross Lifeguarding course is to provide entry-level lifeguard participants with the knowledge and skills to prevent, recognize and respond to aquatic emergencies and to provide care for breathing and cardiac emergencies, injuries and sudden illnesses until emergency medical services (EMS) personnel take over.
    Prerequisites & Notes: 1. Swim 300 yards continuously demonstrating breath control and rhythmic breathing. Candidates may swim using the front crawl
    (freestyle), breastroke or a combination of both, but swimming on the back or side is not allowed. Swim goggles may be used.
    2. Tread water for 2 minutes using only the legs
    3. Complete a timed event within 1 minute, 40 seconds:
    Starting in the water, swim 20 yards. The face may be in or out of the water. Swim goggles are not allowed.
    Surface dive, feet first or head first, to a depth of 7 to 10 feet to retrieve a 10-pound object.
    Return to the surface and swim 20 yards on the back to return to the starting point with both hands holding the object and keeping the face at or near the surface so you are able to get a breath. Candidates should not swim the distance under water. Exit the water without using a ladder or steps.
  
  • ATHL 116 - American Red Cross First Aid and CPR

    CC
    0.5 credit
    Learn lifesaving skills of first aid and CPR w/AED. Fee for textbook and certification (TBA).
  
  • ATHL 119 - Breathe & Flow: Exploring Mindful Movement through Yoga

    CC
    0.5 credit
    Consciously linking movement to breath, this dynamic session will explore diverse practices of yoga leading to balance, strength, flexibility and work to promote a sense of calm. This class is designed for all levels of yoga experience, taught with options for taking it easy or practicing the full expression of poses. Come flow!
  
  • ATHL 119B - Vinyasa Yoga

    CC


    0.5 credit
    A yoga-inspired movement class with an emphasis on breath, Vinyasa will awaken, invigorate, strengthen and stretch the body and calm the mind. Appropriate for students of all levels, this playful class will challenge cardiovascular, core, and mental fitness.

    Students must supply their own yoga mat for this course.

  
  • ATHL 124 - Women’s Fitness

    CC
    0.5 credit
    This class is an introductory general fitness class for women. Students will be taught a variety of different methods of cardio and strength training in a different setting each week. Principles and benefits of cross training will be addressed through participation in a wide variety of activities in the gym, outside, in the pool and on the climbing wall.
    Prerequisites & Notes: P/NP grading.
  
  • ATHL 126 - Strength Training I

    CC
    0.5 credit
    This class is an introductory resistance training class, emphasizing basic principles of strength training, proper body alignment, and health benefits. Students will learn how to safely exercise using strength training equipment, free weights and core strength training. You will complete 3 total body workouts each week.
    Prerequisites & Notes: P/NP grading.
  
  • ATHL 128 - Coed Indoor Soccer

    CC
    0.5 credit
    This co-ed class is offered for all Oberlin College Students, no matter what their skill level. It is meant as an introductory course, where the emphasis is on playing. Some basic skills will be reviewed, and players can ask for individual help on specific skills. ALL are encouraged to join class.
    Prerequisites & Notes: P/NP grading.
  
  • ATHL 129 - Strength Training II

    CC
    0.5 credit
    This class focuses on advanced concepts of strength training while maintaining safe lifting techniques. Students will use a variety of methods including the use of resistance machines, free weights, and core strength training. Students will develop their own regimen demonstrating their understanding of the different principles of strength training.
    Prerequisites & Notes: One introductory weight training class and adherence to a 6-week strength training program immediately prior to the first class. P/NP grading.
  
  • ATHL 143 - Walking Fitness

    CC
    0.5 credit
    A module length course designed for those needing motivation to get out and walk and learn proper walking form, stretching techniques, injury prevention and a variety of routes on campus and in and around Oberlin. The goal of the course is to improve general fitness.
  
  • ATHL 144 - Bowling I

    CC
    1 credit
    Focuses on development of ability to execute fundamental bowling skills
  
  • ATHL 152 - Racquet Sports

    CC
    0.5 credit
    In this course students will learn the rules, as well as basic technique and strategy for all major racket sports: tennis, badminton, squash, racquetball, and table tennis. Other, less popular, racket sports such as pickle ball will also be explored.
    Prerequisites & Notes: P/NP grading.
  
  • ATHL 152B - Tennis I

    CC
    0.5 credit
    Students will be introduced to the basis strokes (forehand, backhand, serves and volley). Basic positioning, tennis rules and etiquette will be included in singles and doubles play.
  
  • ATHL 159 - Individual Baseball Skills Training

    CC
    0.5 credit
    The class will teach and develop baseball skills including hitting, fielding and pitching. All levels of expertise are welcome.
  
  • ATHL 162 - Circuit Training

    CC
    0.5 credit
    The purpose of this class will be to improve both strength and cardiovascular endurance through a variety of efficient high intensity workouts with minimal rest between sets. Differing activities each class will keep you excited and engaged.
  
  • ATHL 162B - Circuit Training

    CC
    0.5 credit
    The purpose of this class will be to improve both strength and cardiovascular endurance through a variety of efficient high intensity workouts with minimal rest between sets. Differing activities each class will keep you excited and engaged.
  
  • ATHL 170 - Techniques of Relaxation

    CC
    1 credit
    A class focused on introducing and implementing various techniques of relaxation, including breathing, meditation, yoga, music, and movement. Students should wear comfortable clothing that allows them to stretch and move.
  
  • ATHL 175 - Introduction to Performance Nutrition

    CC
    If you move, you’re an athlete, and there are certain ways we need to fuel to perform at our absolute best.Whether you play varsity athletics, club sports, recreational sports, love going to the gym, ride the bike, love to run, or are just interested in the topic, this class is for you.The goal of this course is to develop an understanding of the appropriate nutrition practices in relation to exercise or sport training to promote health, energy and adaptations. We’ll cover everything from macronutrients, hydration, to supplements, and beyond!
  
  • ATHL 197 - Beginning Swimming

    CC
    0.5 credit
    Swimming instruction for the non-swimmer or true beginner/adv. beginner swimmer. Become accustomed to the water, while developing basic skills (floating, changing positions and directions, breath control), strokes (front crawl, back crawl, elementary backstroke, perhaps breaststroke and sidestroke) and greater comfort levels in the water.
  
  • ATHL 198 - Advanced Swimming Techniques

    CC
    0.5 credit
    This class will teach improved swimming efficiency in the four competitive sstrokes through advanced swimming techniques. Designed to help the casual swimmer become a good swimmer or a good swimmer become a great swimmer. Must be proficient in front and back crawl. Focus will be on technical instruction rather than conditioning.
  
  • ATHL 200 - Leadership Development

    CC
    1 credit
    This course is an introduction to leadership development within the growth of successful businesses, teams, or institutions. We will identify the various types of leadership, the types of conflict they are intended to resolve, and practice the application and analysis of leadership development in various forms. The goal is to provide an introduction to the process of leadership development and give opportunities for you to practice these skills.
  
  • ATHL 202 - Sports Medicine

    CC
    0.5 credit
    This class is designed for students interested in fields such as athletic training, physical therapy, or other sports medicine-related fields. The primary focus will include, but not be limited to, the following topics: the Sports Medicine team, medical terminology, basic orthopedic anatomy, injury prevention, nutritional considerations, mechanisms and characteristics of sports trauma, injury assessment and evaluation, basic taping and bandaging, explanations of therapeutic modalities, and basic exercise rehabilitation. Field trips required.
    Does this course require off campus field trips? Yes

  
  • ATHL 227 - Couch to 10k

    CC
    1 credit
    This two module, Tuesday/Thursday course will enable all levels of runners to complete a 10k race. All you need to be successful in this course is a goal and the consistent motivation and work ethic to accomplish that goal. Each class member will be given a personal training program to accomplish their individual running goals. Class attendance and all outside class runs are mandatory. Entrance fees for any 10k race will be paid by individual class members.
  
  • ATHL 244 - Bowling II

    CC
    1 credit
    Focuses on development of ability to make advanced bowling adjustments
    Prerequisites & Notes: Bowling I is required.

Biology

  
  • BIOL 003 - Finding Well-being and Ways Forward Through Adversity

    HC NSMA
    2 credits
    Major adversity can bring focus to the question of what truly matters and suggest answers that clarify ways forward through challenges great and small.  The question and answers will be explored in the seminar through lenses of biology, social sciences, and humanities.  The seminar will study (i) biological perspectives on beneficial and deleterious ways our body responds to stress, (ii) social scientific insights on determinants of happiness and well-being, and (iii) lessons on living well from the humanities.
    Prerequisites & Notes: Prefererence for students intending non-science majors.
  
  • BIOL 018 - The Biology and Evolution of Color

    HC NSMA
    2 credits
    The world is colorful and these colors are often integral to the survival of many organisms. This course is a study of the functions and evolution of biological colors, the mechanisms behind color production, and how different organisms perceive color. Lectures and discussions will be based on readings from primary literature. On-campus field trips to the Allen Memorial Art Museum and outside in nature will complement lecture material. 
    Does this course require off campus field trips? Yes

  
  • BIOL 035 - Introduction to Global Health

    FC NSMA
    4 credits
    This course provides an overview of global patterns of disease and the factors that influence human health. Students will learn about issues relating to social, cultural, behavioral, and environmental determinants of health. A specific focus will be placed on health issues relating to low income countries and underserved populations.
  
  • BIOL 047 - Biology of Infectious Diseases and their Global Impact

    FC NSMA
    4 credits
    Diseases caused by pathogenic microbes have played a monumental role in shaping human societies throughout history and continue to sicken and kill people worldwide. In this course, we will take an inquiry-based approach to explore the underlying biology of diseases caused by pathogenic viruses, bacteria, and protozoan parasites, including HIV/AIDS, plague, smallpox, malaria, syphilis, and influenza, among others. We will also investigate the problematic history of how infectious diseases have been studied and intervened upon by science, medicine, governments, and societies. Assignments will emphasize integration of infectious disease biology with the human experience in multimedia projects. 
    Community Based Learning
  
  • BIOL 060 - Innovation and Design

    HC SSCI
    2 credits
    The heart of the course will be a design project in which students collaboratively use the tools of creative problem solving to develop adaptive equipment to meet needs of a community partner that employs adults with cognitive or physical disabilities.  Focused on design thinking, the learning will be centered in a maker space for paper making, marbling, and printing (3D and letterpress).  Through the project, students will additionally practice critique, collaboration, and communication, as well as deepen epistemological understanding of the nature of science and innovation.
  
  • BIOL 081 - Why Be Nice? The Evolution of Ethics, Morality, and Cooperation

    FC NSMA QFR
    4 credits
    Ethics, morality, cooperation: At first pass, these concepts seem to be the domain of religion and philosophy, but evolutionary biologists have been interested in them for decades. This course asks whether evolutionary theory can explain cooperation and altruism in humans and other animals in spite of their “selfish genes”. But it also asks whether evolutionary theory can account for complex human phenomena like religion, economic exchange, and political alliances. We will explore these issues through readings, discussion, modeling exercises, and graphical analysis.
  
  • BIOL 090 - Human Biology

    FC NSMA QFR
    4 credits
    An introduction to the structure and function of the human body, from the cellular to whole organismal levels. Topics such as human genetics and evolution will also be considered. The roles for and the impact of humans on their ecosystems and the biosphere will be considered, with emphasis on current concerns. Students will be expected to complete an individual project related to nutrition to accompany class discussion of the digestive system.
    Prerequisites & Notes: Not intended for biology Biology majors.
  
  • BIOL 100 - Organismal Biology

    FC NSMA QFR
    4 credits
    This course provides prospective biology majors and others with an integrated introduction to the biology of organisms, from the subcellular level, through the cellular, tissue, organ, and whole organismal level. Students must register for both lecture and laboratory. Sections taught by Laskowski and Allen use inquiry-based learning, with substantive writing and group-based problem solving
    This course is appropriate for new students.
  
  • BIOL 103 - Environmental Biology

    FC NSMA
    4 credits
    Designed for ENVS majors whose curricular pathways are outside the NSCI division. Students considering a biology major or the full range of upper-level biology courses should take the BIOL core. This course provides a foundation in biological content and concepts in the context of environmental problems, from molecular/cellular levels to ecosystems. Lectures will be augmented with individual and group activities.
    Prerequisites & Notes: Thirty seats are reserved for ENVS majors, with remaining seats for first- and second-year students. Students who have passed BIOL 100 or 200 are not eligible for this course.
    This course is appropriate for new students.
    Community Based Learning
    Sustainability
  
  • BIOL 200 - Genetics, Evolution, and Ecology

    FC NSMA QFR
    4 credits
    This course provides biology majors and others with an integrated introduction to key biological principles of ecology and evolution, including selection, drift, sources of variation, and patterns of diversity, as well as factors and processes governing biotic and abiotic interactions that influence distribution and abundance of organisms. Labs feature indoor and field exercises and discussions designed to develop critical thinking and quantitative skills in data collection, analysis, and interpretation.
    Prerequisites & Notes: BIOL 100
    Does this course require off campus field trips? Yes

  
  • BIOL 202 - Plant Ecology

    FC NSMA QFR WADV
    4 credits
    Ecological principles will be used to examine plant population and community processes. Special attention will be given to plant/animal interactions, e.g. pollination, dispersal, and herbivory. Lab will use local habitats to gain hands-on experience in field observations, study design, data collection, analytical methods, plus written and oral presentations of results.
    Prerequisites & Notes: BIOL 103 or BIOL 200.
    Does this course require off campus field trips? Yes

    Sustainability
  
  • BIOL 213 - Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry

    FC NSMA QFR
    4 credits
    This course integrates biochemistry, molecular biology, and cell biology to provide a foundation for many of the more specialized courses in the major. Topics include structure and function of membranes and cell organelles; gene structure, function and regulation; bioenergetics; cell cycle control, signal transduction and genetic engineering. Associated laboratory exercises highlight the techniques used in cell and molecular biology research and teach experimental design, troubleshooting and critical analysis. Students must take both lecture and laboratory to complete the course. By taking both BIOL 213 and CHEM 254, students are exposed to the material typically covered in an undergraduate, introductory biochemistry course.
    Prerequisites & Notes: BIOL 100 and the equivalent of a year of introductory chemistry (Chem 101 and 102, or Chem 103, or an AP equivalent). It is not permitted to take CHEM 102 or CHEM 103 simultaneously with BIOL 213. The chemistry requirement must be completed prior to taking BIOL 213.
    Graduating seniors enrolled in BIOL 213 during the 2020-21 academic year must also enroll in BIOL 214 in the same academic year. All other students enrolled in BIOL 213 during 2020-21 must take BIOL 214 during the 2021-22 academic year. The transcript grade for BIOL 213 will appear as an asterisk until completion of BIOL 214. Grades for lecture and lab will be combined for a final grade.
 

Page: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11Forward 10 -> 29